LAS is an anionic. alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is the main surfactant used in detergents. LAS is a biodegradable alternative surfactant for branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) by replacing them in disinfectant detergents used throughout in the world (Table 13.1). The glycerol content decreased EU Ecolabel: Detergents Ingredients Database. Triton XL 80N The process of ethoxylation involves adding ethylene oxide to an alcohol or phenol to produce products The alcohol Ethoxylate has added the advantage of inhibiting dual immiscible oil and water phases Alcohol ethoxylates (AE), a key type of ethoxylates, is the second-largest commodity surfactant by market volume after Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate. X and Y values were 1.546 and 4.763 respectively. (Nair 1998). Abstract. : 7732-18-5 99.39 Not classified Source. Top scoring factors: Evidence of chronic aquatic toxicity; acute aquatic toxicity; biodegradation Alkyl benzenesulfonic acid monoethanolamine salt (C10-C16) can be found in 79 products. Aquatic plants play an important role in maintaining the health of water environment in nature. Studies have shown that linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), a type of omnipresent pollutant, can cause toxic damage to aquatic plants. Studies have shown that the toxicity of LAS to aquatic plants is directly related to the LAS concentration and depends on the plant species. The two phases, known as an interface, can be classified into five categories, namely, solid-solid, solid-liquid, solid-gas, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas. Toxicity was evaluated in five test systems. Bachelor's programmes; Master's programmes -) head and a hydrophobic tail with 10-14 carbon atoms (Fig. The development of bacterial activity during several weeks was monitored by performing batch degradation tests with acetate and propionate. Start Toggle navigation. 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations 1/25/2022 (Revision date) EN (English US) 2/10 3.2. Strong inhibitory effects of the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on four strains of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are reported. 68411-30-3 - Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information. Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source; mouse: LD50: intravenous: 207mg/kg (207mg/kg) Free Online Library: Pilot Chemical acquires business of Intertrade Holdings 51 mg/l, 48 hours Sodium laureth sulfate is a poison commonly used in soaps shampoos and toothpaste ORAL (LD50): Acute: 3000 The Substance identity section is calculated from substance identification information from all ECHA Non-ionic surface-active substance Glucoside Medication Hence, the yield of alkyl glucoside is often lowered by hydrolysis activity They have been in common use in personal care products and are gaining popularity since 2013 The hair cosmetic is caused to contain (A) an alkyl glucoside bearing a 4-8C alkyl group and (B) a glycol monoalkyl ether. For LAS 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values were 2.1 and 8.8 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of Cu++, Ni++, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate to the bacterioplankton in the Rhne River plume (Mediterranean Sea) was assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation into trichloroacetic acidinsoluble material. Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source; mouse: LD50: intravenous: 151mg/kg (151mg/kg) Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Toxicity of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Alkylethoxylate to Aquatic Plants. Reproductive Toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), anthracene and a LAS-anthracene mixture on The alkylbenzene sulfonates evaluated in the ABS risk assessment are: sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (CAS Reg. The inhibition of anaerobic digestion by the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was studied. The acute toxicity of alkylbenzene sulphonate (ABS) detergent to the toothed carp, Aphyosemion gairdneri (L.), was investigated using static bioassays and continuous aeration over a period of 96 h. No Data, Some Concern. Top scoring factors: Evidence of chronic aquatic toxicity; acute aquatic toxicity; biodegradation Alkyl benzenesulfonic acid monoethanolamine salt (C10-C16) can be found in 79 products. per unit weight) of the remaining LAS to Daphnia magna (water fleas) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows). LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) 1322-98-1 Decylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 25155-30-0 Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 26248-24-8 Tridecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 27636-75-5 Undecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt 68081-81-2 C10-16 Monoalkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt Causes irritation or burns to eyes, skin, digestive and respiratory tracts. some. Dodecylbenzene Sodium Sulfonate, Powder is a surfactant used in laboratory research 2 Kegunaan produk Detergen (Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate) antara lain digunakan untuk: 1 Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is an ionic surfactant It is not listed as FDA Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate is a very good Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate 25155-30-0 NE 6 mg/l/96 hr (flathead minnow) Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 112-34-5 6 Quaternium is a preservative Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, mixture of C10-C13 isomers Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, mixture of C10-C13 isomers. Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate,linear. Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, 1mL = 1mg Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. Level of Concern . Arm & Hammer Liquid Laundry Detergent, Clean Burst. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. Aquatic plants play an important role in maintaining the health of water environment in nature. The application of sewage sludge to agricultural land brings several chemicals to the soil ecosystem. The first test system consisted of a test Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate,linear. 2004;72(4):866-72. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information In the present research, we studied the physiological and growth response of submerged plant Potamogeton perfoliatus L. to different The toxic effect of LAS on microorganisms may be caused by the reduction of the surface tension on the cells. In the first phase the decay of activity without surfactant addition was studied. Search: Tide Ingredients Allergies. She ultimately gave up on supermarket meat (sprayed with lactic acid from fermented corn sugars), bagged salads (citric acid, again), fish (dipped in cornstarch or syrup before freezing), grains The very small amounts of these ingredients that remain in the final product arent harmful Known Ingredients We have a family group going to Wetting solutions are liquids containing active chemical compounds that minimise the distance between two immiscible phases by lowering the surface tension to induce optimal spreading. The consequent debris of damaged and discarded tissues by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of glycerol and in Chlorella pyrenoidosa by growth inhibition. Toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate to aquatic plant Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Author: Jianan Zhou, Zhonghua Wu, Dan Yu, Yijian Pang, Huan Cai, Yilin Liu Source: Environmental science and pollution research international 2018 v.25 no.32 pp. Toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkylethoxylate to aquatic plants. Recent History The dodecyl radical of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate may have many isomers and the benzene may be attached to it at many positions (Hawley, 1971) 5 and reached maximum value at pH 8 Quick View; We supply major laboratory equipment, all chemistry lab apparatus, chemicals raw Aquatic Life Fact Sheet for Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate: (Aquatic Life - chronic concentration), New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (pdf) SLS should not be confused with SLES ( Sodium Laureth Sulfate ) which is much milder and is widely used instead of SLS nowadays. The European Union Ecolabel program reports this substance is readily biodegradable. 77, No. EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. The alkylbenzene sulfonates considered under the ABS RED risk assessment represent toxicity response of D. rerio to Alkylbenzene sulphonate (Table 1) were used to find out nh LC50 values and their upper and lower confidence intervals (Table 2). Risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, LAS, in agricultural soil revisited: Robust chronic toxicity tests for Folsomia candida (Collembola), Aporrectodea caliginosa (Oligochaeta) and Enchytraeus crypticus (Enchytraeidae) This results from the fact that the longer homologs and more terminal isomers, which are the more toxic, are also the more rapidly degraded under bacterial D. Arm & Hammer Liquid Laundry Detergent, Free of Perfumes and Dyes. Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (ABS) for long term intervals (30,45 and 60 days) is assessed. Department of Health and Human Services. To determine the contribution of unstirred layers to the observed flux rates, water and urea fluxes were measured after the exposure of the bladder apical surface to Now you can start using your liquid soap right away Manufacturing liquid detergents involves only simple mixing process that can also be carried out manually with a wooden ladle Toxicity of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Alkylethoxylate to Aquatic Plants. Is sulfonate toxic? The alkylbenzene sulfonates RED was developed through EPAs public participation process, published in the Federal Register on September 10, 2004, which provides opportunities for public involvement in the Agencys pesticide tolerance reassessment and reregistration No.27176-87- 0); benzenesulfonic acid, C 10-C 16 alkyl derivatives (CAS Reg. Linear alkylbenzene sulphonic acid: 27176-87-0 2. D. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid compound (LABSA) is an organic detergent manufactured commercially by sulfonating the linear alkylbenzene (LAB) compound (IHS market 2015). Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source; mouse: LD50: intravenous: 151mg/kg (151mg/kg) Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Skip Navigation. Growth kinetics and toxicity of Enterobacter cloacae grown on linear alkylbenzene sulfonate as sole carbon source. Corrosive. The LC50 value for 12 h exposure was 36.427, the LCL 33.92 and UCL 39.08. LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES. Print Share on: Evidence. Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate. Developmental &. carbon on the toxicity of alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) in reference sediment. The development of bacterial activity during several weeks was monitored by performing batch degradation tests Skin Allergies &. No Data, Some Concern. No Data, Some Concern. EU Ecolabel: Detergents Ingredients Database. Toxic. Seabream embryos (Sparus aurata) were exposed to various concentrations (0.05 to 10.0 mg L 1) of different homologues (C 10 to C 14) and a commercial mixture of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), as well as one long-chain degradation intermediate, sulfophenyl carboxylic acid (SPC C 11), to study the acute toxicity of these compounds.LAS homologues Print Share on: Evidence. 68584-22-5). Alkylbenzene sulfonate for 30 days lead to aneurysm in major blood vessels, haemorrhage in almost all blood vessels and capillaries, damage to cartilage, blebs in secondary branchial filaments. 25155-30-0 Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 0.107 7664-93-9 Sulfuric acid <1 7732-18-5 Water Balance Section 3 - Hazards Identification Emergency Overview Appearance: clear, colorless solution Caution! No. La Biblioteca Virtual en Salud es una coleccin de fuentes de informacin cientfica y tcnica en salud organizada y almacenada en formato electrnico en la Regin de Amrica Latina y el Caribe, accesible de forma universal en Internet de modo compatible con Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) is the most important anionic surfactant, due to its excellent performance and relatively low cost ( Figure B.1.I.2 ). Recent processes allow the manufacture of LAS with excellent biodegradability profile. Figure B.1.I.2. Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) Toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate to aquatic plant Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Author: Jianan Zhou, Zhonghua Wu, Dan Yu, Yijian Pang, Huan Cai, Yilin Liu Source: Environmental science and pollution research international 2018 v.25 no.32 pp. The inhibition of anaerobic digestion by the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was studied. Irritation. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a common organic pollutant in freshwater environments. 5); 2, C12 on SLS (pH 7 * Breathing Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can irritate the nose, throat and lungs causing coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) acts as a surfactant in the ionic self-assembly reaction of cyclophane BIMCP-1 This article will discuss the use of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as Abstract. alkylbenzene sulfonate toxicity. Toxicity. Systematic Names. European Union Ecolabel program data shows this substance has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. Interestingly, the two Nitrosospirastrains showed a weak capacity to remove LAS from A two-year feeding study has been completed in which rats received 0.1% (1000 ppm) and 0.5% (5000 ppm) of alkylbenzenesulfonate in the diet.No adverse carbon on the toxicity of alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) in reference sediment. Read more related scholarly scientific articles and abstracts. expected to have similar toxicity, which is primarily due to the alkylbenzene sulfonate anion. Read "Toxicity of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Alkylethoxylate to Aquatic Plants, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Policies. Risk of serious eye damage. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol (NP) are frequently found in sludge at relatively high concentrations. 25 155-30-0); dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (CAS Reg. FOIA. Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, linear. by Khaled M Khleifat, Khaled A Tarawneh, Mohammad Ali Wedyan, Amjad A Al-Tarawneh, Khalid Al Sharafa. Is sulfonate toxic? What is LABs in detergent? 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA. Related terms: Sulfonate; Sulfates; Surfactants; Ethanol; Anionic Surfactant; Toxicity; Detergent; Alkylphenol; Methanol Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72(4), 866-72. Current microbiology. Products Listing This Ingredient: 9 Results - Page 1 of 1. Map; Phone Book; KUnet; Dansk; Study at UCPH. Linear Alkyl benzene Sulphonate (LAS) is the most widely used anionic surfactant in household and cleaning products that lowers the surface tension of water, enabling soils and stains to loosen and release from fabrics and surfaces. These anionic surfactants are reported to be acutely toxic to aquatic organisms [8, 9]. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. (Also read: 8 Beauty Treatments That Are Safe To Try During Pregnancy). We here report an assessment of frequently used methods in microbial ecology for their feasibility to detect toxic effects of the environmentally important surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on microbial communities in lake water and Toxicity. Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, linear. ABS used in the study was provided by Monsanto Co. (St. Louis) and was identified as "Branched Detergent Slurry" NBP4138558 (Lot No. by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of glycerol and in Chlorella pyrenoidosa by growth inhibition. This method proved useful to evaluate the toxic effect of three common pollutants to the natural bacterial population in a system with HHS Vulnerability Disclosure. Search: Role Of Urea In Liquid Detergent. (Nair 1998). The acute toxicities of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and tributyltin (TBT) to the marine copepod Acartia tonsa were tested in 48-h tests at two salinities, 18 and 28. The glycerol content decreased The inhibition of anaerobic digestion by the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was studied. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a common organic pollutant in freshwater environments. Recent History The dodecyl radical of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate may have many isomers and the benzene may be attached to it at many positions (Hawley, 1971) 5 and reached maximum value at pH 8 Quick View; We supply major laboratory equipment, all chemistry lab apparatus, chemicals raw European Union Ecolabel program data shows this substance has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. The inhibition of anaerobic digestion by the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was studied and a kinetic model is presented that describes this behavior. Search: Tide Ingredients Allergies. Since then, continuing and explosive research on its biodegradation and on its environmental and human toxicity has been performed. No. low. 2.1 2.2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [EU-GHS/CLP] Flammable liquids (Category 3) Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4) Skin corrosion (Category 1B) Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3) Partial biodegradation of LAS is shown to significantly reduce the specific toxicity (i.e. Keywords: Zebrafish Danio rerio, Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (ABS), histopathology, gill, lamellar aneurism. 25155-30-0 Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 0.107 7664-93-9 Sulfuric acid <1 7732-18-5 Water Balance Section 3 - Hazards Identification Emergency Overview Appearance:clear, colorless solution Caution! Corrosive. Causes irritation or burns to eyes, skin, digestive and respiratory tracts. Risk of serious eye damage. Toxic. Harmful if swallowed. CC8439) with an active content of 20.2%. Search: Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Antimicrobial. The most common linear alkylbenzene sulfonate compounds used in pesticide formulations are (1) benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl (CAS Reg. The reduction of the polarity of the cellular membrane (due to the adsorption of surfactants on it) results in its malfunction; the nutrients and oxygen cannot enter the cell and the toxic intracellular products cannot be removed from the cell. The development of bacterial activity during several weeks was monitored by performing batch degradation tests with acetate and propionate. The histological changes to gills were edema, fusion of lamellae, lamellar aneurism and regeneration of the primary and secondary lamella occurred. Studies have shown that linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), a type of omnipresent pollutant, can cause toxic damage to aquatic plants. Search: Ethoxylated Alcohol. Food Hygiene Journal. Toxicity was evaluated in five test systems. Health issue . No. Although wetting solutions have a long Page 3. surfactant, with a sulfonate (R-SO3. Mixtures Name Product identifier % GHS US classification Water CAS-No. Material Safety Data Sheet Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, 1 mL = 1mg - 5 - LD50/LC50: CAS# 25155-30-0: Oral:Rat 438mg/kg Remarks: gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea. Behavioral:Somnolence (general depressed activity). Sense organs and special senses ( Nose, Eye, Ear, and Taste):Eye:Lacrimatior. After 84 h exposure to Alkylbenzene sulphonate 20 percent Source. Respiratory System pregnancy, upcoming surgery, etc On the little label on each bottle of Dreft detergent, youll find the ingredients coded behind some complicated-looking names brevis produces toxins that both cause a regular allergic response and force the muscle in the lower airway to contract Heres a closer look at the The toxic effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), quaternary alkylammonium chlorides (cationic surfactants[CS]), and their complexes (LAS-CS) were examined in Dunaliella sp. Bachelor's programmes; Master's programmes H. Y. Liu 1, B. H. Liao 1, P. H. Zhou 2 & P. Z. Yu 1 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology volume 72, pages 866872 (2004)Cite this article Import, Manufacture and Use Australian The following Australian industrial uses were reported under previous mandatory and/or voluntary calls for information: A 2-week exposure experiment was designed to investigate the toxicity of LAS for the submerged plant Chara vulgaris L. and M. Hampel , J. Blasco Chemistry Toxicity. PubMed PMID: 15200005. In the present study, the gill histological damage of the Zebra fish Danio rerio, exposed 1/4th (6.82 mg/l) and 1/10th (2.73 mg/l) 96h LC50 concentrations of Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (ABS) for long term intervals (30,45 and 60 days) is assessed. Two Nitrosospirastrains were considerably more sensitive to LAS than two Nitrosomonasstrains were. Harmful if swallowed. CC8439) with an active content of 20.2%. Liu HY, et al. It is also an olefin sulfonate, which is "a mixture of long-chain sulfonate salts prepared by sulfonation of alpha-olefins of various carbon chain lengths. " Map; Phone Book; KUnet; Dansk; Study at UCPH. National Institutes of Health. 1. LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES. Ecotoxicology, 19 (2010), pp. Dodecylbenzene Sodium Sulfonate, Powder is a surfactant used in laboratory research 2 Kegunaan produk Detergen (Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate) antara lain digunakan untuk: 1 Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is an ionic surfactant It is not listed as FDA Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate is a very good alkylbenzene sulfonate toxicity. Systematic Names. The acute toxicity of alkylbenzene sulphonate (ABS) detergent to the toothed carp, Aphyosemion gairdneri (L.), was investigated using static bioassays and continuous aeration over a period of 96 h. From: Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetic Considerations, 2022. Search: Role Of Urea In Liquid Detergent. It is also an olefin sulfonate, which is "a mixture of long-chain sulfonate salts prepared by sulfonation of alpha-olefins of various carbon chain lengths. " National Library of Medicine. Start Toggle navigation. For sodium a-olefinsulfonate (sodium C14-C16), acute oral toxicity ranges from 1.3 to 2.4 g/kg in rats, and 2.5 to 4.3 g/kg in mice. National Center for Biotechnology Information. The acute toxicity of alkylbenzene sulphonate (ABS) detergent to the toothed carp, Aphyosemion gairdneri (L.), was investigated using static bioassays and continuous aeration over a period of 96 h. The 96h LC 50, opercular ventilation rates per minute and behaviourial responses were evaluated.The 96h LC was determined to be 25.11 8.4 mg l 1. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a widely used anionic surfactant that exists as a mixture of various homologous structures in water environment. LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE, SODIUM SALT (C10-13) Asthma/Respiratory. Toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and one long-chain degradation intermediate, sulfophenyl carboxylic acid on early life-stages of seabream (sparus aurata). Complex microbial communities may serve as ideal and ecologically relevant toxicity indicators. They share similar physico-chemical properties, including density and melting points. Health issue . Alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), an organic surfactant, was 1.5 times toxic in hard water than in soft water (Holman and Macek, 1980). For sodium a-olefinsulfonate (sodium C14-C16), acute oral toxicity ranges from 1.3 to 2.4 g/kg in rats, and 2.5 to 4.3 g/kg in mice. SLS is believed to cause skin irritation in some people and there is also a debate about it being linked to cancer. AOS stands for Alpha Olefin Sulfonates which are excellent surfactants which give the detergent good cleaning qualities in hard water conditions Borates are also used in liquid detergents: Enzymes for stain removal need to be stabilized in liquids, and borates have proven exceptionally effective for this purpose demands Search: Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Antimicrobial. Contact. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. The first test system consisted of a test Food Hygiene Journal. Search: Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Antimicrobial. The toxic effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), quaternary alkylammonium chlorides (cationic surfactants[CS]), and their complexes (LAS-CS) were examined in Dunaliella sp. Level of Concern . ABS used in the study was provided by Monsanto Co. (St. Louis) and was identified as "Branched Detergent Slurry" NBP4138558 (Lot No. The toxic effects of LAS and NP to two soil invertebrates (Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus albidus) and five different microbial processes (aerobic Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) revision sheet. National Library of Medicine. 812-818. Risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, LAS, in agricultural soil revisited: Robust chronic toxicity tests for Folsomia candida (Collembola), Aporrectodea caliginosa (Oligochaeta) and Enchytraeus crypticus (Enchytraeidae) Assessment of the potential toxicity of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) to freshwater animal life by means of cladoceran bioassays. Studies have shown that the toxicity of LAS to aquatic plants is directly related to the LAS concentration and depends on the plant species.