Micron is the shortened word for micrometer and is the closest metric unit to a mil (25.4 microns = 1 mil). Digital pressure gauges provide an economical, portable solution for pressure measurement. To accurately measure the thickness of a metal without damaging it,an ultrasonic thickness gauge should be used. Spend $100.00 more and get free shipping! Introducing the product details about the new 45MG Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge. 
This product is available for shipping to the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico only. The Magna-Mike Hall-effect thickness gauge uses a magnetic probe to perform accurate measurements on nonferrous and thin materials such as plastic bottles. The thickness of plastic is often expressed in mils or microns. Questions about availability or need help? The 45MG advanced ultrasonic thickness gauge is packed with standard measurement features and software options. Its multiple test voltages make it the ideal tool for many troubleshooting, commissioning, Advanced multi-functional digital multimeter with built-in insulation testing functions make this the ideal all-round tool for troubleshooting, commissioning and maintenance. Allows you to work safely in classified areas known to include explosive gasses. A discussion of the differences between Echo to Echo and Thru-Coat measurements on the 38DL PLUS Thickness Gage. | This meter is simple-to-use and has the features needed to repair most electrical problems. | Sitemap, Global Learn about the differences between the echo-to-echo and THRU-COAT measurement techniques on the 38DL PLUS thickness gauge. The 45MG gauge is packed with standard measurement features and software options. Compact rugged meter for non-destructive thickness measurements, Digital Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge/Datalogger with Color Waveform
Mil thickness is commonly used in manufacturing in non-metric countries to measure the thickness of various thin materials, such as paint layers, thin films, foils, plastic sheets, and coatings. Digital Pressure Test Gauge Comp Press, 1/4BSP M -5-5 psi. Using a small magnetic target, they can provide accurate thickness measurements of nearly any non-magnetic material where a probe can be placed on one side and a target, like a steel ball, on the other. A mil (or thou) is a unit of thickness that equals one thousandth of an inch (0.001 inches). The versatile 38DL PLUS gauge can be used with dual element transducers for the measurement of corroded pipes to the very precise thickness measurements of thin or multilayer materials with a single element transducer. 38DL PLUS Product Overview: Discusses features and functions. Fluke 700G Series Precision Pressure Test Gauges Datasheet, Fluke Calibration - How to Calibrate a Pressure Gauge Webinar, Register to view exclusive member pricing, Precision pressure measurement from 15 psi/1 bar to 10,000 psi/690 bar, Easy to use, rugged construction for reliable performance, Combine with the 700PTPK or 700HTPK pump kits for a complete pressure testing solution for up to 600 psi with the PTP-1 pneumatic pump and up to 10,000 psi with the HTP-2 hydraulic pump, Log up to 8493 pressure measurements to memory (requires 700G/TRACK software), NIST traceable certificate of calibration. | About Us | | Terms Of Use | Privacy Notice | Sorry, this page is not available in your country. Ask your rep for details. 
| About Us | Imprint | Careers Our range of digital thickness gauge solutions includes basic handheld thickness gauges, advanced ultrasonic gauges, and single and dual element transducers. The 700G is compatible with most hydraulic and pneumatic test pumps. A micron (m) is a small unit of thickness that equals one-millionth of a meter (0.000001 meters) and one-thousandth of a millimeter (0.001 millimeters). This rugged, compact tool fits in the palm of your hand. Paint thickness is expressed in mils or microns. The Fluke 114 displays True-RMS voltage and current readings with 6000 count resolution, and tests frequency, continuity and resistance. Compact rugged meter for non-destructive thickness measurements, 2019 FLIR Systems All rights reserved. For example, Olympus gauges such as the 72DL PLUSinstrument offer features that can calculate total paint thickness and simultaneously display paint thickness measurements of up to six individual layers. How to calibrate the 38DL PLUS with a standard D79X series dual element transducer. All Byram calibrations are NIST traceable and provide data. A large white LED backlight aids work in poorly lit areas. It includes True RMS measurements, optimized ergonomics, and large display for efficient troubleshooting. | Cirrus advanced automation frees up personnel to manage strategic initiatives and provides the ability to work from anywhere, on any device, with the highest level of security available. It is lightweight, durable, and ergonomically designed for easy, one-hand operation. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. to buy instruments with calibration from a SINGLE SOURCE! The Fluke 700G is a rugged, easy-to-use, and reliable pressure gauge calibrator that offers 23 ranges from 10 inH2O/ 20 mbar to 10,000 psi/690 bar with accuracy of 0.05% of full scale. New customer? Offer valid through 12/31/2021, We accept all major credit cards. Olympus offers a variety of single and dual element transducers and accessories for precision and corrosion thickness gauging. I love working with our customers to help them achieve their goals with our software!, West Adams Compatible with single element transducers up to 125 MHz, this innovative instrument is ideally suited to measure the thickness of ultra-thin materials, including multilayer paint, coatings, and plastic. To measure the thickness of plastic nondestructively, a Hall-effect or ultrasonic thickness gauge should be used. Analysis and reporting is a breeze with Tableau, which comes a preconfigured report library, included for all cirrus customers. Flaw Detectors / Phased Array Flaw Detectors, Semiconductor & Flat Panel Display Inspection Microscopes, OEM Microscope Components for Integration, measure the thickness of plastic nondestructively. ","image":{"created_at":"2021-12-02T09:54:49-05:00","alt":null,"width":1970,"height":460,"src":"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0020\/5753\/5546\/collections\/freecalibrationpromo_collectionbanner.jpg?v=1638456890"}}], ["1000 psig","700g","calibrator","Fluke","gauge","pressure","pressure gauge calibrator","psig"], Call (800) 766-1212 for current inventory and lead time, Get Free Calibration on Test Equipment | Now through Dec 31st, Pole Mounted Primary Metering Transformer Assemblies, AEMC Clamp-on Resistance Tester | Model 6416, Fluke 87-5 Industrial True RMS Multimeter, Megger - 10 kV Insulation Resistance Tester | MIT1025, AEMC Multifunction Ground Resistance Tester | Model 6471, Megger - 15kV Insulation Resistance Tester | MIT1525, Rugged, high-quality pressure gauge calibrator for fast and accurate test results, Delivers precision pressure measurements in 23 ranges from 10 inH2O/20 mbar to 10,000 psi/690 bar, Delivers high accuracy0.05% total measurement uncertainty for one year, Provides bright backlit display for easy viewing, Features rugged, durable design with protective holster, Combines with either the 700PTPK pneumatic pump kit or the 700HTPK hydraulic pump kit for a complete measurement and testing solution, Logs more than 8,493 pressure measurements to memory and uploads to a PC (with 700G/TRACK software). Apply for a Wholesale Account. \"*A$Z+1s!oj zotSz".+#o|'n_?-H4!Q1_N*kuYKi|:}ofN=[@/_!\dKT&[0*P. 
Different factors can affect the price and cost of a thickness gauge, such as the transducer frequency, thickness measurement application, and software capabilities. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Cookie Settings For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Privacy Policy|Copyright Policy|Terms of Use, Phase Rotation | Motor Rotation Indicators, Non-contact Voltage Testers and Current Testers. [{"id":282127466693,"handle":"all","title":"All products","updated_at":"2022-07-27T12:23:39-04:00","body_html":"\u003ch4\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\"\u003eshop products by category\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e","published_at":"2021-12-01T13:30:06-05:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","disjunctive":false,"rules":[{"column":"variant_price","relation":"greater_than","condition":"0.00"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":36408131642,"handle":"calibrators","title":"Calibrators","updated_at":"2022-03-22T10:00:15-04:00","body_html":"","published_at":"2018-04-25T16:21:13-04:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"calibrator"},{"column":"title","relation":"contains","condition":"calibrators"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":35546890298,"handle":"fluke","title":"Fluke","updated_at":"2022-05-10T08:01:46-04:00","body_html":"","published_at":"2018-04-17T14:02:00-04:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Fluke"},{"column":"title","relation":"equals","condition":"fluke"}],"published_scope":"web","image":{"created_at":"2021-06-21T14:06:16-04:00","alt":null,"width":1557,"height":509,"src":"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0020\/5753\/5546\/collections\/Fluke_logo.png?v=1624364847"}},{"id":77204750394,"handle":"pressure-gauge-calibrators","title":"Pressure Gauge Calibrators","updated_at":"2022-03-22T09:56:30-04:00","body_html":"","published_at":"2018-08-02T10:17:31-04:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"title","relation":"contains","condition":"Pressure Gauge Calibrator"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":34759704634,"handle":"test-equipment","updated_at":"2022-07-26T21:35:04-04:00","published_at":"2018-04-09T13:30:33-04:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","published_scope":"web","title":"Test Equipment","body_html":""},{"id":270328496325,"handle":"free-calibration","updated_at":"2022-07-26T21:35:04-04:00","published_at":"2021-12-01T10:34:22-05:00","sort_order":"manual","template_suffix":"freecalpromo","published_scope":"web","title":"Test Equipment - Free Calibration","body_html":"Now through December 31st, get free calibration from our on-site facility with purchase of select test equipment. Free calibration on Test Equipment 
The Fluke 115 technicians digital multimeter offers simple, one-handed operation to meet the needs of a wide variety of field service technicians. Autoclave, Freezer & Oven Validation Equipment, Intrinsically Safe Digital Pressure Test Gauge, Intrinsically Safe EchoSafe Level Transmitter, Intrinsically Safe Submersible Level Transmitters, Intrinsically Safe Temperature Transmitter, Intrinsically Safe Multifunction Calibrator, Long Range Elevated Body Temperature Screening System, UV-VIS Spectrometers / Spectrophotometers, Elevated Body Temperature Screening Solutions, Elevated Body Temperature Consulting Services, Elevated Body Temperature (EBT) Scanning and COVID-19, ISO 17025 Accredited Calibration Services, Skin Temperature Screening Certified Data Report, Pharmaceutical, Medical Device, and Laboratory Validation Services, NEXA | Enterprise Asset Management Solutions, Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. Let us know what you're looking for by filling out the form below. Weare a distributor, manufacturer, modification center and calibration facility for high quality industrial instrumentation. 
For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. | We offer free quotes and demos so that you can test and evaluate gauges pre-purchase; contact us to learn more. And it combines with one of the Fluke test pump kits (700PTPK or 700HTPK) to provide a complete pressure testing and calibration solution. A thickness gauge is useful for many industries but is most commonly used in engineering and manufacturing to help ensure material thickness complies with industrial standards and regulations. 
The Fluke 1507 is a versatile, compact, handheld insulation tester for advanced industrial and electrical insulation testing. Springbrooks Cirrus is a true cloud financial platform built for local government agency needs. Olympus is also a leading manufacturer of Hall-effect thickness gauges, which are ideal if youre looking to achieve fast, precise, and accurate measurements on nonferrous or thin materials, such as plastic bottles. Stationary Industrial IR Cameras & Thermometers, IR Thermometer Hi Performance Video Pyrometer, Fluke 117 Electrician's Multimeter with Non-Contact Voltage. Professional Services Consultant, 1000 SW Broadway, Suite 1900, Portland, OR 97205 United States, Cloud financial platform for local government, Cashless Payments: Integrated with Utility Billing, Cashless Payments agency savings calculator, Springbrook Debuts New Mobile App for Field Work Orders, Survey Shows Many Government Employees Still Teleworking, Springbrook Software Releases New Government Budgeting Tool, GovTech: Springbrook Software Buys Property Tax Firm Publiq for ERP, Springbrook Expands National Footprint and Property Tax Capabilities with Acquisition of PUBLIQ Software, Less training for new hires through an intuitive design, Ease of adoption for existing Springbrook users, Streamlined navigationwithjust a few simple clicks.
This product is available for shipping to the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico only. The Magna-Mike Hall-effect thickness gauge uses a magnetic probe to perform accurate measurements on nonferrous and thin materials such as plastic bottles. The thickness of plastic is often expressed in mils or microns. Questions about availability or need help? The 45MG advanced ultrasonic thickness gauge is packed with standard measurement features and software options. Its multiple test voltages make it the ideal tool for many troubleshooting, commissioning, Advanced multi-functional digital multimeter with built-in insulation testing functions make this the ideal all-round tool for troubleshooting, commissioning and maintenance. Allows you to work safely in classified areas known to include explosive gasses. A discussion of the differences between Echo to Echo and Thru-Coat measurements on the 38DL PLUS Thickness Gage. | This meter is simple-to-use and has the features needed to repair most electrical problems. | Sitemap, Global Learn about the differences between the echo-to-echo and THRU-COAT measurement techniques on the 38DL PLUS thickness gauge. The 45MG gauge is packed with standard measurement features and software options. Compact rugged meter for non-destructive thickness measurements, Digital Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge/Datalogger with Color Waveform
Mil thickness is commonly used in manufacturing in non-metric countries to measure the thickness of various thin materials, such as paint layers, thin films, foils, plastic sheets, and coatings. Digital Pressure Test Gauge Comp Press, 1/4BSP M -5-5 psi. Using a small magnetic target, they can provide accurate thickness measurements of nearly any non-magnetic material where a probe can be placed on one side and a target, like a steel ball, on the other. A mil (or thou) is a unit of thickness that equals one thousandth of an inch (0.001 inches). The versatile 38DL PLUS gauge can be used with dual element transducers for the measurement of corroded pipes to the very precise thickness measurements of thin or multilayer materials with a single element transducer. 38DL PLUS Product Overview: Discusses features and functions. Fluke 700G Series Precision Pressure Test Gauges Datasheet, Fluke Calibration - How to Calibrate a Pressure Gauge Webinar, Register to view exclusive member pricing, Precision pressure measurement from 15 psi/1 bar to 10,000 psi/690 bar, Easy to use, rugged construction for reliable performance, Combine with the 700PTPK or 700HTPK pump kits for a complete pressure testing solution for up to 600 psi with the PTP-1 pneumatic pump and up to 10,000 psi with the HTP-2 hydraulic pump, Log up to 8493 pressure measurements to memory (requires 700G/TRACK software), NIST traceable certificate of calibration. | About Us | | Terms Of Use | Privacy Notice | Sorry, this page is not available in your country. Ask your rep for details. | About Us | Imprint | Careers Our range of digital thickness gauge solutions includes basic handheld thickness gauges, advanced ultrasonic gauges, and single and dual element transducers. The 700G is compatible with most hydraulic and pneumatic test pumps. A micron (m) is a small unit of thickness that equals one-millionth of a meter (0.000001 meters) and one-thousandth of a millimeter (0.001 millimeters). This rugged, compact tool fits in the palm of your hand. Paint thickness is expressed in mils or microns. The Fluke 114 displays True-RMS voltage and current readings with 6000 count resolution, and tests frequency, continuity and resistance. Compact rugged meter for non-destructive thickness measurements, 2019 FLIR Systems All rights reserved. For example, Olympus gauges such as the 72DL PLUSinstrument offer features that can calculate total paint thickness and simultaneously display paint thickness measurements of up to six individual layers. How to calibrate the 38DL PLUS with a standard D79X series dual element transducer. All Byram calibrations are NIST traceable and provide data. A large white LED backlight aids work in poorly lit areas. It includes True RMS measurements, optimized ergonomics, and large display for efficient troubleshooting. | Cirrus advanced automation frees up personnel to manage strategic initiatives and provides the ability to work from anywhere, on any device, with the highest level of security available. It is lightweight, durable, and ergonomically designed for easy, one-hand operation. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. to buy instruments with calibration from a SINGLE SOURCE! The Fluke 700G is a rugged, easy-to-use, and reliable pressure gauge calibrator that offers 23 ranges from 10 inH2O/ 20 mbar to 10,000 psi/690 bar with accuracy of 0.05% of full scale. New customer? Offer valid through 12/31/2021, We accept all major credit cards. Olympus offers a variety of single and dual element transducers and accessories for precision and corrosion thickness gauging. I love working with our customers to help them achieve their goals with our software!, West Adams Compatible with single element transducers up to 125 MHz, this innovative instrument is ideally suited to measure the thickness of ultra-thin materials, including multilayer paint, coatings, and plastic. To measure the thickness of plastic nondestructively, a Hall-effect or ultrasonic thickness gauge should be used. Analysis and reporting is a breeze with Tableau, which comes a preconfigured report library, included for all cirrus customers. Flaw Detectors / Phased Array Flaw Detectors, Semiconductor & Flat Panel Display Inspection Microscopes, OEM Microscope Components for Integration, measure the thickness of plastic nondestructively. ","image":{"created_at":"2021-12-02T09:54:49-05:00","alt":null,"width":1970,"height":460,"src":"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0020\/5753\/5546\/collections\/freecalibrationpromo_collectionbanner.jpg?v=1638456890"}}], ["1000 psig","700g","calibrator","Fluke","gauge","pressure","pressure gauge calibrator","psig"], Call (800) 766-1212 for current inventory and lead time, Get Free Calibration on Test Equipment | Now through Dec 31st, Pole Mounted Primary Metering Transformer Assemblies, AEMC Clamp-on Resistance Tester | Model 6416, Fluke 87-5 Industrial True RMS Multimeter, Megger - 10 kV Insulation Resistance Tester | MIT1025, AEMC Multifunction Ground Resistance Tester | Model 6471, Megger - 15kV Insulation Resistance Tester | MIT1525, Rugged, high-quality pressure gauge calibrator for fast and accurate test results, Delivers precision pressure measurements in 23 ranges from 10 inH2O/20 mbar to 10,000 psi/690 bar, Delivers high accuracy0.05% total measurement uncertainty for one year, Provides bright backlit display for easy viewing, Features rugged, durable design with protective holster, Combines with either the 700PTPK pneumatic pump kit or the 700HTPK hydraulic pump kit for a complete measurement and testing solution, Logs more than 8,493 pressure measurements to memory and uploads to a PC (with 700G/TRACK software). Apply for a Wholesale Account. \"*A$Z+1s!oj zotSz".+#o|'n_?-H4!Q1_N*kuYKi|:}ofN=[@/_!\dKT&[0*P. Different factors can affect the price and cost of a thickness gauge, such as the transducer frequency, thickness measurement application, and software capabilities. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Cookie Settings For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Privacy Policy|Copyright Policy|Terms of Use, Phase Rotation | Motor Rotation Indicators, Non-contact Voltage Testers and Current Testers. [{"id":282127466693,"handle":"all","title":"All products","updated_at":"2022-07-27T12:23:39-04:00","body_html":"\u003ch4\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\"\u003eshop products by category\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e","published_at":"2021-12-01T13:30:06-05:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","disjunctive":false,"rules":[{"column":"variant_price","relation":"greater_than","condition":"0.00"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":36408131642,"handle":"calibrators","title":"Calibrators","updated_at":"2022-03-22T10:00:15-04:00","body_html":"","published_at":"2018-04-25T16:21:13-04:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"calibrator"},{"column":"title","relation":"contains","condition":"calibrators"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":35546890298,"handle":"fluke","title":"Fluke","updated_at":"2022-05-10T08:01:46-04:00","body_html":"","published_at":"2018-04-17T14:02:00-04:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Fluke"},{"column":"title","relation":"equals","condition":"fluke"}],"published_scope":"web","image":{"created_at":"2021-06-21T14:06:16-04:00","alt":null,"width":1557,"height":509,"src":"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0020\/5753\/5546\/collections\/Fluke_logo.png?v=1624364847"}},{"id":77204750394,"handle":"pressure-gauge-calibrators","title":"Pressure Gauge Calibrators","updated_at":"2022-03-22T09:56:30-04:00","body_html":"","published_at":"2018-08-02T10:17:31-04:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"title","relation":"contains","condition":"Pressure Gauge Calibrator"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":34759704634,"handle":"test-equipment","updated_at":"2022-07-26T21:35:04-04:00","published_at":"2018-04-09T13:30:33-04:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"test-equipment","published_scope":"web","title":"Test Equipment","body_html":""},{"id":270328496325,"handle":"free-calibration","updated_at":"2022-07-26T21:35:04-04:00","published_at":"2021-12-01T10:34:22-05:00","sort_order":"manual","template_suffix":"freecalpromo","published_scope":"web","title":"Test Equipment - Free Calibration","body_html":"Now through December 31st, get free calibration from our on-site facility with purchase of select test equipment. Free calibration on Test Equipment The Fluke 115 technicians digital multimeter offers simple, one-handed operation to meet the needs of a wide variety of field service technicians. Autoclave, Freezer & Oven Validation Equipment, Intrinsically Safe Digital Pressure Test Gauge, Intrinsically Safe EchoSafe Level Transmitter, Intrinsically Safe Submersible Level Transmitters, Intrinsically Safe Temperature Transmitter, Intrinsically Safe Multifunction Calibrator, Long Range Elevated Body Temperature Screening System, UV-VIS Spectrometers / Spectrophotometers, Elevated Body Temperature Screening Solutions, Elevated Body Temperature Consulting Services, Elevated Body Temperature (EBT) Scanning and COVID-19, ISO 17025 Accredited Calibration Services, Skin Temperature Screening Certified Data Report, Pharmaceutical, Medical Device, and Laboratory Validation Services, NEXA | Enterprise Asset Management Solutions, Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. Let us know what you're looking for by filling out the form below. Weare a distributor, manufacturer, modification center and calibration facility for high quality industrial instrumentation. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. | We offer free quotes and demos so that you can test and evaluate gauges pre-purchase; contact us to learn more. And it combines with one of the Fluke test pump kits (700PTPK or 700HTPK) to provide a complete pressure testing and calibration solution. A thickness gauge is useful for many industries but is most commonly used in engineering and manufacturing to help ensure material thickness complies with industrial standards and regulations. The Fluke 1507 is a versatile, compact, handheld insulation tester for advanced industrial and electrical insulation testing. Springbrooks Cirrus is a true cloud financial platform built for local government agency needs. Olympus is also a leading manufacturer of Hall-effect thickness gauges, which are ideal if youre looking to achieve fast, precise, and accurate measurements on nonferrous or thin materials, such as plastic bottles. Stationary Industrial IR Cameras & Thermometers, IR Thermometer Hi Performance Video Pyrometer, Fluke 117 Electrician's Multimeter with Non-Contact Voltage. Professional Services Consultant, 1000 SW Broadway, Suite 1900, Portland, OR 97205 United States, Cloud financial platform for local government, Cashless Payments: Integrated with Utility Billing, Cashless Payments agency savings calculator, Springbrook Debuts New Mobile App for Field Work Orders, Survey Shows Many Government Employees Still Teleworking, Springbrook Software Releases New Government Budgeting Tool, GovTech: Springbrook Software Buys Property Tax Firm Publiq for ERP, Springbrook Expands National Footprint and Property Tax Capabilities with Acquisition of PUBLIQ Software, Less training for new hires through an intuitive design, Ease of adoption for existing Springbrook users, Streamlined navigationwithjust a few simple clicks.