sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate detergentbest stainless steel tubing cutter

Caco-2 cells were seeded at a cell density of 2105 cell/ml density in Petri dishes. Additionally, cell number and viability of LAS-treated Caco-2 cells at 5 and 15ppm were investigated using flow cytometry. Corrosionpedia Inc. - 4), confirmed as well at mRNA level (Fig. 1999). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The term "linear" refers to the starting alkenes rather than the final product, perfectly linear addition products are not seen, in-line with Markovnikov's rule. The new PMC design is here! Taken together, our data suggest that LAS, at concentrations similar to those observed in wastewater treatment plants outlets, may have a tumor promotion effect on colon cancer cells through increasing cell proliferation, in association with the overexpression of EF2 and DPP3 and the down-regulation of 14-3-3T. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) used in this study was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Cat. Briefly, Caco-2 cells were seeded at a cell density of 2105 cell/ml in Petri dishes. 5), where the EF2 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in both treatments (3.790.83 and 3.370.28 fold of control for 5 and 15ppm LAS treatments, respectively). 4). 1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan, 2Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan, 3Alliance of Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan, 4Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan, 5Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, PB 3018, Tunisia. As shown in Fig. National Library of Medicine and transmitted securely. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:1084010851 [. Vicente CM, Lima MA, Yates EA, Nader HB, Toma L (2014) Enhanced tumorigenic potential of colorectal cancer cells by extracellular sulfatases. Then, cells were harvested, suspended in Guava ViaCount reagent and allowed to be stained for at least 5min in darkness. In accordance with our findings, it was demonstrated that pro-oxidant state plays an important role in the proliferative capacity of cancer mouse keratinocyte cell line, providing evidence for a functional role of elevated ROS levels in tumor promotion (Gupta et al. In this respect, and considering the relevance of intestine as a target organ for orally administrated contaminants, the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line, widely used as in vitro cell model for cancer and toxicological studies (Natoli et al. Compared to traditional soaps, BAS offered superior tolerance to hard water and better foaming. In particular the Krafft point of the high 2-phenyl product (i.e. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and ERbeta isoforms in colon cancer. Caco-2 cells were cultured in clear bottom black 96-well plate for 24h, then pre-incubated for 60min with DCFH-DA (2, 7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate). The determination of intracellular ROS was performed using OxiSelect Intracellular ROS Assay Kit, from CELL BIOLABS, INC. (San Diego, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer protocol. These results were confirmed at gene level in Caco-2 cells exposed to 5 and 15ppm LAS for 24h (Fig. First dimension was carried out using the EttanIPGphor II (Amersham Biosciences) as previously described by Tsolmon et al. 3). The cell number and viability were assessed using flow cytometry according to the manufacturer instructions. (2011). Ino K, Goto S, Okamoto T, Nomura S, Nawa A, Isobe K, et al. (2011), spots were excised and treated with the destaining solution (25 mM ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3 in 50% Acetonitrile; Wako, Tokyo, Japan). Ray PD, Huang BW, Tsuji Y. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. ABS is a major component of anionic detergents. 25155-30-0) at non cytotoxic concentrations on human intestinal Caco-2 cells using different in vitro bioassays. For test plates, LAS solution of 5ppm was then added to the cells. Prajapati SC, Chauhan SS. rivers, ground water, soils and seashore).The concentration of LASs in raw sewage ranges from 1 to 21mg/l, but after treatment it decreases to a range of 0.0085.91mg/ml in treated effluent, depending on the treatment process used (Mungray and Kumar 2009). Mechanisms of defence from Fe(II) toxicity in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. 2009). Also, it has been reported that exposure to low-concentration arsenic promotes cell proliferation and carcinogenesis both in vitro and in vivo (Wu et al. In vitro human tissue models in risk assessment: report of a consensus-building workshop. 4) and this was confirmed at mRNA level using real-time PCR for treatments with 5 and 15ppm LAS for 24h (Fig. A dry film thickness gauge, eddy current is an electronic tool used to measure the thickness of non-conductive coatings on conductive but nonferrous or nonmagnetic substrates like brass, aluminium, copper or aluminium.Eddy current dry film thickness gauges are used in eddy current testing (ECT), a [9] The purified dodecylbenzenes (and related derivatives) are then sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to give the sulfonic acid. 10.1002/0471238961.0112112508011313.a01.pub2, Allopregnanedione (5-dihydroprogesterone), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkylbenzene_sulfonates&oldid=1094962980, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 June 2022, at 16:09. Corrosionpedia is a part of Janalta Interactive. 2013). [10] The sulfonic acid is subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide. Cell proliferation was assessed using the conventional MTT reduction assay. Learn more As shown in Fig. The analysis of the identified proteins was conducted regarding their background information, functions and implication in cell proliferation, cell cycle and cancer, and accordingly, three proteins: Elongation factor 2 (EF2), Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) and 14-3-3 protein theta (14-3-3T),were selected for further investigation. 2005; Urano et al. | Principal Consultant, Bradley Consulting Services, | Head of the Corrosion, Arab Petroleum Pipelines, How To Conduct An AC Attenuation Survey on an Underground Pipeline, Anodize This: The Brilliance of Anodizing, How to Prevent Filiform Corrosion Under Coatings, 8 Things to Know and Understand About Iron Corrosion, Top Corrosion Mitigation Technologies to Watch for in 2021, Troubleshooting Cathodic Protection Systems and Function Systems. 2012; Sauer et al. 1999). After equilibration with DTT (Dithiothreitol) and iodoacetamide-containing buffer, strips were transferred onto 10% vertical slab gels and SDS-PAGE was run at 280 Wh on EttanDaltSix electrophoresis system from Amersham Biosciences. Ten microliters of peptide mixtures were analyzed by on-line capillary UltiMate 3000 proteomics MDLC system (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) coupled to a nanospray 3200QTrap MS/MS system (Applied Biosystems). 14-3-3T negatively regulates the kinase activity of PDPk1 (3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1) (Sato et al. 2001). Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! By clicking sign up, you agree to receive emails from Corrosionpedia and agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The site is secure. 1997). The overexpression of this protein is observed in many cancers (ovarian, gastric and colon cancers) (Alaiya et al. government site. 2002), which is crucial for cell proliferation and cell cycle progression (Nakamura et al. 2003). 5) for both 5 and 15ppm LAS after 24h of exposure, where gene expression decreased to 0.780.27 and 0.710.08 fold of control, respectively. Careers. 2007). In contrast, many of these toxicants were shown to have carcinogenic or tumor promotion effects at low concentrations. Simaga S, Babi D, Osmak M, Ili-Forko J, Vitale L, Milici D, Abrami M. Dipeptidyl peptidase III in malignant and non-malignant gynaecological tissue. 2008), and an activator of NF-kappa B pathway (Lee et al. They are also involved in the regulation of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (Tzivion et al. The .gov means its official. All experiments were performed with cultures between passages 5 and 12. 1984) and even though Caco-2 cells express estrogen receptors (Campbell-Thompson et al. Focusing was performed as follows: 1h at 500V, 1h at 1000V, 3h at 10,000V and 2h 45min at 10 000V for a total of 56 kVh. However following environmental concerns these were replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) during the 1960s. 195-07682) as crystalline powder, having the following CAS NUMBER: 25155-30-0, and the formula C12H25C6H4SO3Na. 2014). View Full Term. Editorial Review Policy. (2011). Results showed a slight but significant ROS level increase in LAS-exposed Caco-2 cells after 12 and 24h exposure. del Campo M, Toledo H, Lagos N. Okadaic acid toxin at sublethal dose produced cell proliferation in gastric and colon epithelial cell lines. 2, total cell number increased significantly in LAS-treated Caco-2 cells compared to the control (8.221060.59106cell/ml and 1.081070.66106 cell/ml for 5 and 15ppm LAS, respectively, compared to 5.231060.29106 cell/ml for control). Branched chain ABS biodegrades very slowly and therefore contributes to polluting lakes and streams by forming relatively stable foams. White-Gilbertson S, Kurtz DT, Voelkel-Johnson C. The role of protein synthesis in cell cycling and cancer. 8600 Rockville Pike After automatic spot detection and matching, the authenticity and outline of each spot was validated by eyes and edited manually where necessary. In this study, Proteomics results revealed that LAS at concentration of 5ppm induced the overexpression of DPP3 in Caco-2 cells after 24h of exposure (spot 2 in Fig. In order to investigate some possible molecular actors associated with LAS-induced proliferation in Caco-2 cells, proteomics approach was performed. Food Chem Toxic 22:761769 [. Nakamura K, Sakaue H, Nishizawa A, Matsuki Y, Gomi H, Watanabe E, Hiramatsua R, Tamamori-Adachi M, Kitajima S, Noda T, Ogawa W, Kasuga M. PDK1 regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through control of cyclin D1 and p27Kip1 expression. Consequently, the down-regulation of 14-3-3T has a pro-survival impact on cells and promotes cell proliferation. Thus, the alkylation of linear alkenes, even 1-alkenes such as 1-dodecene, gives several isomers of phenyldodecane.[11]. Therefore, the intracellular ROS level changes were investigated in non-exposed and LAS-exposed Caco-2 cells to 5ppm LAS for different treatment times (Fig. Name an element of group 18 which can form compoun class 12 chemistry CBSE, Is the density of a unit cell the same as the density class 12 chemistry CBSE, The Rydberg Constant R for hydrogen is A R left dfrac14pi class 12 chemistry CBSE, What are fire bricks which are used in Downs Cell What class 12 chemistry CBSE, Are enzymes used up in reactions class 12 chemistry CBSE, Draw the diagram of Galvanic cell which represents class 12 chemistry CBSE, Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell, Write an application to the principal requesting five class 10 english CBSE, Ray optics is valid when characteristic dimensions class 12 physics CBSE, Give 10 examples for herbs , shrubs , climbers , creepers, Write the 6 fundamental rights of India and explain in detail, Write a letter to the principal requesting him to grant class 10 english CBSE, List out three methods of soil conservation, Fill in the blanks A 1 lakh ten thousand B 1 million class 9 maths CBSE, Epipetalous and syngenesious stamens occur in aSolanaceae class 11 biology CBSE, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. George J, Shukla Y. Emptying of intracellular calcium pool and oxidative stress imbalance are associated with the glyphosate-induced proliferation in human skin keratinocytes HaCaT cells. Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and atrazine on marine microalgae. 2001). Alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) refers to a family of branched chain organic chemical compounds that were used as detergents. Alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) is an organic chemical compound primarily used as a surfactant. Moreover, intestinal epithelial cells proliferative activity was demonstrated to be associated with the oxidative challenge which stimulates proliferative responses (Aw 2003). 2006). Separated proteins were stained with Coomassie R-350 stain (GE Healthcare) in 30% methanol and 10% acetic acid. An Intro to Pipeline Corrosion in Seawater, The 6 Corrosive Components That Can Be Found in Crude Oil, Substrate Surface Preparation for Corrosion Prevention, Metal Dusting 101: A Catastrophic Corrosion Phenomenon, 4 Types of Concrete Floor Coatings (And What You Should Know About Each), 5 Most Common Types of Metal Coatings that Everyone Should Know About. [8] As such, BAS was phased out of most detergent products during the 1960s, being replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS). Natoli M, Felsani A, Ferruzza S, Sambuy Y, Canali R, Scarino ML. An example of a branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS). The 14-3-3 proteins: key regulators of cell division, signalling and apoptosis. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Moreover, proteomics analysis revealed that this effect was associated with an over-expression of elongation factor 2 and dipeptidyl peptidase 3, and a down-regulation of 14-3-3 protein theta, confirmed at mRNA level using real-time PCR. It is biodegraded rapidly under aerobic conditions with a half-life of approximately 13 weeks;[18] oxidative degradation initiates at the alkyl chain. In fact it was found to be overexpressed with increased activity in ovarian and endometrial cancers (Simaga et al. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are prepared industrially by the sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), which can themselves be prepared in several ways. The identified proteins with their theoretical and observed pI and MW values, accession numbers and scores are presented in Table1. The biodegradability of alkylbenzene sulfonates has been well studied,[6][18][19] and is affected by isomerization, in this case, branching. 1991). GUID:EE2CCB9C-965E-4C73-B32C-94F6E95B932B, Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, Caco-2 cells, Cell proliferation, Proteomics, Elongation factor-2, Dipeptidyl peptidase 3, 14-3-3 Protein theta, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"P13639","term_id":"119172","term_text":"P13639"}}, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"Q9NY33","term_id":"20532389","term_text":"Q9NY33"}}, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"P27348","term_id":"112690","term_text":"P27348"}}, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"P11142","term_id":"123648","term_text":"P11142"}}, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"Q14697","term_id":"54037162","term_text":"Q14697"}}, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"Q9P157","term_id":"113576"}}. These results suggest that the observed increase in LAS-exposed Caco-2 cells proliferation is associated with increased ROS production. Its chemical formula is C6H5CnH2n+1, where n lies between 10 and 16. In this respect, protein expression changes occurring in 5ppm LAS treated Caco-2 cells for 24h. This concentration was chosen because, in contrast with 15ppm, it showed increased cell proliferation only with no cytotoxicity or reduced viability (Fig. 5), and similar pattern for both treatments were observed (4.881.02 and 3.280.23 fold of control for 5 and 15ppm LAS treatments, respectively) which suggest the involvement of DPP3 in the LAS-induced proliferation effect on Caco-2 cells at those concentrations. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Mol Cancer Res 13:510523 [. The effect of LAS on the cell proliferation in human intestinal Caco-2 cells was assessed for a range of low concentrations (115ppm LAS) and two different exposure times (24 and 48h) using MTT assay. Increased ROS levels contribute to elevated transcription factor and MAP kinase activities in malignantly progressed mouse keratinocyte cell lines. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10616-015-9887-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Cellular redox: a modulator of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. LAS has taken the place of branched dodecylbenzene sulfonates. By clicking sign up, you agree to receive emails from Corrosionpedia and agree to our Terms of Use & Privacy Policy. Alkyl benzene sulfonate caused persistent foam in sewage treatment plants, streams and rivers and created environmental problems. Such proliferative effects at low sub-lethal concentrations were observed for many other environmental toxicants such as phthalates, okadaic acid, etc. (Chen and Chien 2013; Del Campo et al. are noticeably different. Tzivion G, Gupta VS, Kaplun L, Balan V. 14-3-3 proteins as potential oncogenes. Reduction of MTT by Caco-2 cells after exposure to different LAS concentrations for 24 and 48h; cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 105 cell/ml; cell proliferation was determined as the mean of absorbance at 570nm and expressed as the percentage of control; results represent the meanSD of at three independent experiments; *significant increases compared to the control: *p<0.05; **p<0.01. van Hemert MJ, Steensma HY, van Heusden GP. PMC legacy view 2005) which in its turn is well recognized as central activator of the anti-apoptotic cascades (Escrcega et al. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a cytotoxic synthetic anionic surfactant widely present in the environment due to its large-scale production and intensive use in the detergency field. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the adverse effects of toxicants even at low non-cytotoxic concentrations. 4). Primers used for these experiments were purchased from Applied Biosystems. They were first introduced in the 1930s in the form of branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS). Interestingly, our findings suggest that LAS at non cytotoxic concentrations and for short exposure time (24h) increases colon cancer cells proliferation. Krogh PH, Lopez CV, Cassani G, Jensen J, Holmstrup M, Schraepen N, Jrgensen E, Gavor Z, Temara A. About 1mg of total RNA was submitted to reverse transcription with Superscript III (Invitrogen) using oligo(dT) primers according to the manufacturers protocol and cDNA was synthesized using thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems, Waltham, MA, USA). Furthermore, a slight decrease in the cell viability was noticed when LAS concentration raised up to 15ppm (Fig. [15][16] The formazan was dissolved in 100l 10% SDS (W/V). Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), a biodegradable surfactant, is manufactured from sulfonation of linear alkyl benzene. This is mainly due to the developments made in the treatment technologies used in the wastewater treatment plants, and the environmental regulations imposed by national and international legislations. FOIA Proteomics results showed that the LAS-induced increase in Caco-2 cells proliferation was associated with the overexpression of EF2 (spot 1 in Fig. [1] After different incubation times of 3, 12 and 24h for LAS treatments and 1h for H2O2 treatment, the DCF fluorescence was measured using plate reader at 480/530nm excitation/emission wavelengths and results were presented as percentage of control of DCF fluorescence intensity. Alaiya AA, Franzen B, Fujioka K, Moberger B, Schedvins K, Silfversvard C, Linder S, Auer G. Phenotypic analysis of ovarian carcinoma: polypeptide expression in benign, borderline and malignant tumors. 2013). dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst. We additionally performed proteomics in order to identify some possible molecular actors associated with the observed enhanced proliferation in LAS-exposed Caco-2 cells. These compounds have been widely replaced by linear alkyl sulfonate (LAS), which is environmentally friendly and easily biodegrades to simpler substances. will also be available for a limited time. 2). Some 14-3-3 isoforms are negative regulators of cell cycle and are down-regulated in different cancers (ovarian, prostate and endometrial carcinomas) (Mhawech et al. Cell passages were carried out at a split ratio of 1:3, using 0.25% trypsin (1mM EDTA), when cell confluence reaches 80%. The cell number and viability were measured by Guava PCA flow cytometry (Guava Technologies, Hayward, CA, USA). This effect is also known for some chemicals which are not carcinogenic, but have a selective effect of tumor promotion on initiated cells, such as cholic acid, which is a colon cancer promoter that has effect only on aberrant colon cells (initiated cancer cells) via increasing their proliferation (Corpet et al. As results, LAS increased Caco-2 cell proliferation at concentrations ranging from 1 to 15ppm, more significantly for shorter exposure time (24h), confirmed using flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion methods. the least branched isomer) remains below 0C up to 25% LAS whereas the low 2-phenyl cloud point is ~15C. Cell number and viability of Caco-2 cells exposed to 5 and 15ppm LAS for 24h; cells were seeded at 2105 cell/ml in Petri dishes; control represents non-treated Coco-2 cells; cell number and cell viability were measured using flow cytometry; results represent the meanSD of three independent experiments; **significant difference from the control (p<0.01). Spots were digested overnight by 10mg/ml trypsin in 50mM NH4HCO3 at 37C. We create world-leading educational content about corrosion and how to preserve the integrity of the worlds infrastructure and assets. Thus it can help in the improvement of the scientific basis of risk assessment through targeting different endpoints thanks to the increasing list of available normal and cancer cell lines obtained from different tissue origins. Subscribe to our newsletter to get expert advice and top insights on corrosion science, mitigation and prevention. Propylene tetramer being a broad term for a mixture of compounds formed by the oligomerization of propene, its use gave a mixture of highly branched structures.[4]. Then, after normalization to the volume of all spots in the gel, the normalized volume for each spot in the control gel was compared to the normalized volume of matched spot in the treated samples gels. It is very stable in hard water as well as in low acidic and alkaline media. As examples, glyphosate, a cytotoxic organophosphate herbicide, showed a tumor promoting potential in skin HaCaT cells by increasing cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis at low concentrations (George and Shukla 2013). Terms of Use - Hot-dip vs Cold Galvanizing: Whats the Difference? MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) was purchased from DOJINDO (Tokyo, Japan). LAS has excellent surfactants power, which has made them suitable for detergents, emulsifiers, and dispersing, wetting and foaming agents. [2] In the most common route benzene is alkylated by long chain monoalkenes (e.g. Along with sodium laureth sulfate, they are one of the oldest and most widely used synthetic detergents and may be found in numerous personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.) The cultured Caco-2 cells in 96-well plates at 105 cell/ml density, were treated with different concentrations of LAS: 1, 5, 10 and 15ppm, for 24 and 48h, then 10l of MTT stock solution (5mg/ml) was added to the culture medium and incubated for 6h at 37C. Representation of 2-Dimensional CBB-stained gel illustrating exemplary protein expression in Caco-2 cells with enlarged images of differentially expressed proteins after exposure to 5ppm LAS for 24h (a); Relative volumes (fold change of control) of protein spots (b); Spots volumes were obtained using ImageMaster 2D platinum software; results represent the meanSD of two independent experiments; *significant difference from the control (p<0.05). 2001). Gupta A, Rosenberger SF, Bowden GT. Sauer H, Wartenberg M, Hescheler J. Reactive oxygen species as intracellular messengers during cell growth and differentiation. 14-3-3 proteins play key roles in the regulation of central physiological pathways such as mitogenesis, cell survival signaling, cell cycle and apoptosis (van Hemert et al.